Soft Tissue Augmentation before Implant Placement in an Area of High Surgical and Esthetic Risk
The Straightforward, Advanced and Complex (SAC) classification in implant dentistry was introduced following an International Team for Implantology (ITI) Consensus conference held in 2007 (Dawson 2009). The classification aimed to assist clinicians in evaluating the difficulty of cases, and serve as a tool for case selection and treatment planning. Individual cases can be classified into straightforward, advanced, or complex in both surgical and restorative aspects depending on their associated risk factors and complexity. The aim of this article is to illustrate how the SAC classification was used to identify a case of high surgical and esthetic risk, the steps undertaken to minimize potential complications, and its successful long-term follow-up.
Surgical SAC classification
Advanced
Prosthodontic SAC classification
Complex
Learner Level
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1
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2
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3
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Source
User Case
CME/CPD
0.15 hours
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General information
| Case Type | |
|---|---|
| Jaw | Maxilla |
| Area | Anterior |
| # of Teeth | 1 |
| # of Implants | 1 |
| Type of Implants | One-Piece |
| Attachment | One-Piece |
| Bone Augmentation | Simultaneous |
|---|---|
| Augmentation Materials | Xenogenous |
| Guided Surgery | - |
| Soft Tissue Grafting | Yes |
| Abutment Type | - |
| Prosthesis Type | FDP |
Esthetic Risk Assessment
| Esthetic Risk Factors | Low | Medium | High |
|---|---|---|---|
| Medical Status | Healthy | Compromised | |
| Smoking Habit | Non-smoker | Light smoker (< 10 cigarettes per day) | Heavy smoker (>= 10 cigarettes per day) |
| Patient's Esthetic Expectations | Low | Medium | High |
| Lip Line | No exposure of papillae | Exposure of papillae | Full exposure of mucosa margin |
| Periodontal Phenotype | Low-scalloped, thick | Medium-scalloped, medium-thick | High-scalloped, thin |
| Shape of Tooth Crowns | Rectangular | Triangular | |
| Infection at Implant Site | None | Chronic | Acute |
| Bone Level at Adjacent Teeth | <= 5 mm to contact point | 5.5 to 6.5 mm to contact point | > 7 mm to contact point |
| Prosthodontic Status of Neighboring Teeth | Virgin | Restored | |
| Width of Edentulous Span | 1 tooth (>= 7 mm) | 1 tooth (< 7 mm) | 2 teeth or more |
| Soft Tissue Anatomy | Intact | Defective | |
| Bone Volume | Horizontally and vertically sufficient | Horizontally deficient | Deficient vertically or deficient vertically AND horizontally |
* General SAC assessment modifiers that are also part of the ERA. To avoid redundancy they are listed in this section even if no complete ERA has been made.
** Not applicable to the ERA of immediate placement cases and replaced by "Socket Integrity" listed below under "Surgical SAC Classification". For all other placement types this value is a classification determinant and listed here even if no complete ERA has been made.
Surgical SAC classification
| SAC Level | Advanced |
|---|---|
| Defining Characteristics | One missing tooth to be replaced by an implant-borne prosthesis |
| Modality | Modality |
| Placement Protocol | Early or late implant placement |
| Tooth Site | Tooth site |
| Socket Morphology | Socket morphology |
| Socket Integrity | Socket integrity |
| Bone Volume | Deficient horizontally, allowing simultaneous augumentation |
| Anatomic Risk | Low |
| Esthetic Risk | High |
| Complexity | Low |
| Risk of Complications | Low |
Prosthodontic SAC classification
| SAC Level | Complex |
|---|---|
| Defining Characteristics | One missing tooth to be replaced by an implant-borne crown |
| Loading Protocol | Conventional or early |
| Retention | - |
| Maxillomandibular Relationship | - |
| Mesio-Distal Space | - |
| Inter-Arch Distance | - |
| Bruxism | - |
| Esthetic Risk | High |
| Provisional Implant-Supported Prosthesis | - |
| Interim Prosthesis during Healing | - |
| Occlusion/Articulation | - |
| Occlusal Scheme/Issues | - |
Surgical SAC Modifiers
| Periodontal Status | Healthy |
|---|
Prosthodontic SAC Modifiers
| Soft Tissue Contour and Volume | Significantly deficient |
|---|
General SAC Modifiers
| Oral Hygiene and Compliance | Good |
|---|---|
| Access | Adequate |
| Craniofacial/Skeletal Growth | Completed |
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