Central Incisor Fracture
Assessment, treatment, and remarks on a Type 1 immediate implant replacement of an upper left central incisor with a vertical root fracture. A healthy, 21-year-old male patient presented with traumatic fracture of his upper left central incisor. The patient's gingival phenotype was classified as medium. The clinical image demonstrates the characteristics of a medium phenotype with long, thin dental papillae combined with thick attached gingival tissues. The tooth had both a vertical root fracture and a horizontal fracture of the crown, resulting in exposure of the pulp and loss of root integrity.
Surgical SAC classification
Complex
Prosthodontic SAC classification
Advanced
Learner Level
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1
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2
|
3
|
Source
User Case
CME/CPD
0.25 hours
Purchase price
10
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General information
| Case Type | Single-Tooth Space |
|---|---|
| Jaw | Maxilla |
| Area | Anterior |
| # of Teeth | 1 |
| # of Implants | 1 |
| Type of Implants | One-Piece |
| Attachment | One-Piece |
| Bone Augmentation | No |
|---|---|
| Augmentation Materials | - |
| Guided Surgery | No |
| Soft Tissue Grafting | None |
| Abutment Type | Customized |
| Prosthesis Type | FDP |
Esthetic Risk Assessment
| Esthetic Risk Factors | Low | Medium | High |
|---|---|---|---|
| Medical Status | Healthy | Compromised | |
| Smoking Habit | Non-smoker | Light smoker (< 10 cigarettes per day) | Heavy smoker (>= 10 cigarettes per day) |
| Patient's Esthetic Expectations | Low | Medium | High |
| Lip Line | No exposure of papillae | Exposure of papillae | Full exposure of mucosa margin |
| Periodontal Phenotype | Low-scalloped, thick | Medium-scalloped, medium-thick | High-scalloped, thin |
| Shape of Tooth Crowns | Rectangular | Triangular | |
| Infection at Implant Site | None | Chronic | Acute |
| Bone Level at Adjacent Teeth | <= 5 mm to contact point | 5.5 to 6.5 mm to contact point | > 7 mm to contact point |
| Prosthodontic Status of Neighboring Teeth | Virgin | Restored | |
| Width of Edentulous Span | 1 tooth (>= 7 mm) | 1 tooth (< 7 mm) | 2 teeth or more |
| Soft Tissue Anatomy | Intact | Defective | |
| Bone Volume | Horizontally and vertically sufficient | Horizontally deficient | Deficient vertically or deficient vertically AND horizontally |
* General SAC assessment modifiers that are also part of the ERA. To avoid redundancy they are listed in this section even if no complete ERA has been made.
** Not applicable to the ERA of immediate placement cases and replaced by "Socket Integrity" listed below under "Surgical SAC Classification". For all other placement types this value is a classification determinant and listed here even if no complete ERA has been made.
Surgical SAC classification
| SAC Level | Complex |
|---|---|
| Defining Characteristics | One missing tooth to be replaced by an implant-borne prosthesis |
| Modality | - |
| Placement Protocol | Immediate implant placement |
| Tooth Site | Maxillary incisor or canine |
| Socket Morphology | Single-root socket |
| Socket Integrity | Sufficient, with intact bone walls |
| Bone Volume | Sufficient, with intact walls |
| Anatomic Risk | Low |
| Esthetic Risk | Medium |
| Complexity | Moderate |
| Risk of Complications | High |
Prosthodontic SAC classification
| SAC Level | Advanced |
|---|---|
| Defining Characteristics | One missing tooth to be replaced by an implant-borne crown |
| Loading Protocol | Conventional or early |
| Retention | Cemented, with prosthesis margin < 3mm submucosal Cemented, with prosthesis margin < 3mm submucosal |
| Maxillomandibular Relationship | Angle Class I and III |
| Mesio-Distal Space | Symmetry +/- 1 mm of contra-lateral tooth |
| Inter-Arch Distance | - |
| Bruxism | - |
| Esthetic Risk | Medium |
| Provisional Implant-Supported Prosthesis | Prosthodontic margin < 3 mm apical to mucosal margin Prosthodontic margin < 3 mm apical to mucosal margin |
| Interim Prosthesis during Healing | Fixed Fixed |
| Occlusion/Articulation | - |
| Occlusal Scheme/Issues | - |
Surgical SAC Modifiers
| Periodontal Status | Healthy |
|---|
Prosthodontic SAC Modifiers
| Soft Tissue Contour and Volume | Ideal |
|---|
General SAC Modifiers
| Oral Hygiene and Compliance | Good |
|---|---|
| Access | Adequate |
| Craniofacial/Skeletal Growth | Completed |
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